How to Read a Dial Indicator

A dial indicator is a device used for measuring very small increments. It is used in the machining process for quantifying precision metal parts. There are generally three types of incremental measurements used by the dial indicator. The largest increment is .005, pronounced five-thousandth of an inch. The next smallest is .001, pronounced one-thousandth of an inch. The most accurate measurement is .0001, called one ten-thousandth of an inch. Reading a dial indicator is only a matter of understanding the two dials on the large gauge. A small dial, located on the lower portion of the large faced gauge, indicates one revolution of the large dial in .100 movement. The large pointer is broken down into the indicators small measurements. The indicators precision measurement specification is always shown on the face of the gauge. For the example below, the indicator push arm has a full movement of one inch and is broken into .001" increments.

Instructions

1

Note the large dial face on the indicator. The large dial has numbers graduated by 10. It is listed 0 through 90. Between each number, there are 9 small lines that indicate a measurement of .001".

2




Observe the smaller dial below the large hand of the .001" movement. It has numbers on the face, and they are also broken into 10 separate numbers. The range is .0 to .9, where .9 is equal to .900" or nine-hundreds of an inch. One inch on this dial indicator is equal to the reading 1.000".

3

Adjust the indicator to zero by loosening the outer indicator ring. A small thumbscrew can be loosened and tightened to adjust the .001" measurement ring. By moving the zero ring, you can calibrate the indicator for any position.

4

Push on the indicators push arm. Set the dials to the following position. The small dial is on .4". The large dial is at 10. The inch reading would be .410".

5

Relieve some pressure on the movement arm. Have the large dial come down to five lines below the 10. The reading in inches is now .405".

6

Allow the dial indicator to come back to a full zero by letting go of the push arm. Double check the outer ring to register that the 0 is behind the large dial on the indicator face.

7

Move the indicator to the following position. Place the small dial on .1 and the large dial on five lines past the number 20. The reading in inches is .125" or 1/8 of an inch.

8

Depress the rod even further until the small dial is at .2 and the larger dial is at 50. The reading is now .250" or inch.

9

Push the rod a little further until the small dial is on .5 and the large dial is on 0. This indicates that the push arm has now moved .500" or a inch.

10

You can practice some more by moving the arm to the following positions.
Small dial on .3 and the large dial 5 lines past 70 is equal .375" or 3/8 inch.
Small dial on .6 and the large dial 5 lines past 20 is equal to .625" or 5/8 inch.
Small dial on .7 and the large dial on 50 is equal to .750" of inch.

Short Stories for Spanish Beginners

Reading is a good way to improve your vocabulary and comprehension in another language. Reading helps you identify word roots and new usages and learn new words from context and allows you to see how grammar and punctuation are used in the target language. Short stories are especially good for this.

Level of Reading Material

It's important to select stories that are appropriate for beginners. A study by Etsuo Taguchi of Daito Bunka University, Greta J. Gorsuch of Texas Tech University and Evelyn Sasamoto of Daito Bunka University found that readers of a second language who are given materials too difficult for them quickly become frustrated and lose interest. Readers who are given reading material that uses vocabulary they already know along with a small percentage of new words and usages, however, are able to read quickly and pick up on the new material rather than struggle with a lot of difficult concepts.

Foreign language teacher Megan B. Wyatt suggests starting with short nonfiction stories, such as journalism articles. In most countries, print journalism is written for a sixth-grade education level, with fairly common vocabulary and basic grammar structures. She advises that when you are comfortable with news and magazine articles, it's time to move on to children's literature, poems and websites.

Tips

Foreign language teacher Ignatius Graham suggests several tips for reading in a foreign language, applicable for reading short stories in Spanish. He recommends taking your time, reading in a quiet atmosphere away from distractions, breaking up the text into chunks and working on one chunk at a time, such as a single paragraph, using a dictionary, and rereading the same material at least twice.

He also writes that you shouldn't translate from Spanish to English in your head as you go, but practice reading and comprehending in Spanish. Continuously trying to translate will slow you down and prevent you from gaining real fluency in a language, which includes thinking in the language. Finally, he notes that you won't understand every word or grammatical construction every time. In cases like this, try to pick up the meaning from context and by parsing the sentence.

Readings Online

There is a wealth of Spanish material online perfect for beginning readers of the language. ClubCultura offers short journal articles on Spanish and other literature and writers. The Bibliotheca Cervantes is a virtual library of Spanish literature ranging from the simple to the complex.

Spanish News Bites states that "our motto is "Spanish Language News for Spanish Language Learners"; it is an online resource offering regularly updated, up-to-the-minute news stories from Spain and Latin America, specially adapted for language learners at beginner, intermediate and advanced levels. It features selected mouse rollover glossary and grammar, audio, exercises and useful links. Finally, English-Spanish Link offers short stories for beginning Spanish learners with bilingual side-by-side translations and Spanish-only readings.

Readings in Print

Several published series offer short stories in Spanish, often with a side-by-side English translation, which allows readers to check on the meanings of new words or constructions. These series include the Side-By-Side series and the English and Spanish Foundations Series. Suggested works include "Stories from Spain / Historias de Espaa," by Genevieve Barlow and William Stivers, "Historias De Latinoamerica/Stories from Latin America," by Genevieve Barlow, and "Jorge el curioso" ("Curious George") and "Spiritual Sonnets," by Gabrielle de Coignard and Melanie E. Gregg. You also can subscribe to many popular magazines in Spanish to practice reading short stories.

Authors

The short story is a traditional form among many South American writers writing in Spanish. In her collection "Short Stories by Latin American Women: The Magic and the Real," editor and author Isabelle Allende recommends short stories by Luisa Valenzuela, Elena Poniatowska, Clarice Lispector, Ana Lydia Vega and Dora Alonso. English-Spanish Link suggests readings by Hermanos Quintero, Cervantes, Jesus Ferrer and Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

How to Use Text Structure to Teach Reading Comprehension

Learning thrives on structure, and one way to increase reading comprehension is to teach students about text structures that they are certain to encounter when reading. When students know what to expect, they are able to read with confidence. Thus, by teaching students about common text structures such as description, sequence, problem/solution, cause/effect and compare/contrast, you are able to help students to feel comfortable about the reading process regardless of their literacy levels.

Instructions

1

Introduce students to a new text by using pre-reading activities. For example, encourage your students to examine the way the text is organized before beginning to read. Does it contain any photos or other visual inserts? Do such images help one to predict the content of the text? Is a logical and sequential work suggested by means of bar graphs or maps? Conversely, do these images use appealing colors or designs to suggest a descriptive work?

2

Identify commonly used text structures. Expository writing relies on structure to develop ideas. Thus, logical reasoning in a text often proceeds sequentially, while free-form writing still may contain vital structural components such as description, elements of cause and effect or instances of comparison. Newspaper articles, for example, abound with these text structures. Thus, when budding readers are taught to recognize these structures, they are empowered with increased understanding of the substance of material they are studying.

3

Provide clues to alert readers to the occurrence of structure within text. While reading a passage aloud for your students, place added emphasis on sections of the work where a text structure is occurring. For example, if a comparison within a passage is represented by a row of columns, slow your reading speed or add volume to your voice to draw extra attention to this section of the text.

4

Solicit the participation of your students to cooperatively diagram a text's vital passages. One of the best ways to capture the attention of your students is by means of discussion in front of an overhead projection of the passage. Solicit student response, and highlight text structures with wet erase markers. Encourage students to highlight these same lines on their own copies of the passage.

5

Let students use a graphic organizer to analyze text structure. Concepts such as cause and effect or problem and solution are sometimes easier to diagram on paper than they are to simply think about. Graphic organizers help students to visualize information in parts rather than as an overwhelming whole, and allow them to make quick connections between dissimilar ideas.

The Soulkeepers (The Soulkeepers Series)

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Arianna Harlow has a choice. Does she choose love or self-respect? Will she give up her freedom and become nothing but a shadow of herself?

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