Story problems, also known as word problems, require more than just math; students have to be able to read and comprehend the puzzles as well. Children in kindergarten might not yet possess this trio of skills. Those who do, however, often enjoy solving word problems more than traditional equations, as the narrative structure of story problems can help children relate abstract math concepts to real life.
Vocabulary
One key to story-problem success in a kindergarten classroom lies in making sure children can read each word. Choose story problems with simple, familiar language and help children sound out words they don't know. Two examples are: "Three girls played ball. Two boys came over. How many children were there?" and "Four dogs are running in the park. Two dogs go home. How many dogs are left?" Print each story problem in large letters and ask for volunteers to read them aloud.
Comprehension
Along with reading, children must be able to understand the problem. Choose stories that can be illustrated and ask for volunteers to draw them on the blackboard. "Three fish swim in a lake. One swims away. How many fish are left?" Have one child draw three fish. Have another erase one fish and answer the question. Alternately, use toys or props to help illustrate the problem. "Jason holds a wooden block. He picks up one more block. How many blocks does he have?"
What's Important?
With a string of words looming before them, children can get overwhelmed. Teach them to find important words and circle them. Use leading questioning to help them identify what is important and what is not. "Two white kittens drink milk. One red kitten comes over. How many kittens are there?" Guide them into choosing the numbers and have volunteers circle them. Ask for another volunteer to write the correct answer. As always, encourage students even when mistakes are made. Develop and instill confidence.
Seasonal Math
Use seasons and holidays to keep word problems lively and fun. For example: "Three ghosts went trick-or-treating. One ghost ate too much candy and went home early. How many ghosts were left?" Or: "Juan had a birthday party. He invited three boys and three girls. How many kids did he invite?" "Cassie decorated six holiday cookies to give as presents. She ate four. How many cookies did she have left?"
